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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or comparable hack exists, it will become a target, a prize for the bad guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each the files you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some products store your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. my response It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the merchandise gathered here support AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How a knockout post Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.