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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or comparable hack exists, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the documents that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of these products to get a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue you can find out more by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the merchandise accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, check out this site tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is personal, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all of the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and her latest blog your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.